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The success of the root canal treatment is determined by satisfying the basic principles, from the complete elimination of endodontic pathology by the chemo-mechanical cleaning of the root canals, followed by the shaping and then the filling to obtain the seal hermetic ideal. To achieve such success, a thorough knowledge of root canal anatomy is a basic requirement. Several anatomical variations of mandibular molars have been reported, including radix entomolaris (supernumerary root distolingual) and radix paramolaris (mesiovestibular supernumerary root).

Keys word : Endodontic treatment – Mandibular molar – Anatomical variations - Radix entomolaris – Radix paramolaris

The temporary tooth is the seat of particular carious, pulp and pulpoparodontal lesions which must not be assimilated to that of the permanent tooth. Many therapeutic failures are related to the ignorance of this originality. It plays a vital role in the development and harmonious maxillofacial growth of the child. This study aims to determine the frequency of conservative care of temporary teeth in the management of orthodontic anomalies. It is a descriptive study that has been spread over a period of 7 months from August 15, 2014 to February 22, 2015. The survey was conducted in the department of odontostomatology and maxillofacial surgery at the national hospital Donka. The target population consisted of all children in temporary and mixed dentition who received treatment during the study period. A frequency of 66.31% of conservative care was recorded; odontalgia was the main reason for consultation, including 120 patients aged 2-13 years with an average age of 7.5 years of which 52.50% female versus 47.50% male with a sex- ratio equal to 0.9. The most represented age group was 5-7 years, ie 46.66% out of 26 indications of space maintainers, 7 were made. The results of this study have shown that Donka'sodontostomatology department places a premium on the conservative treatment of temporary teeth. Mutilating carious lesions through the early extraction of temporary teeth can be a source of orthodontic problems.

Key words: Care, temporary dent, orthodontic anomaly.

Self-medication is a pharmaceutical treatment by a patient on his own initiative without a medical prescription. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-medication in patients undergoing endodontic treatment for pulpal and periapical diseases. The survey was conducted in the Department of Odonto-Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery at Donka National Hospital. The target population consisted of all adolescents and adults who self-medicated before or during endodontic treatment and identified self-medication. Pain was the main reason for self-medication with 60.38% of cases, drugs taken in self-medication were the analgesics used in 46.2% of cases, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 35.9% of cases and antibiotics in 17.9%. The main sources of supply were 39.62% in a pharmacy and 29.25% in a market. This practice delays and limits access to dental care for the population, especially for the poor. It is then necessary for the authorities in charge to reinforce the sensitization of the population through the campaigns of Information, Education and Communication on the dangers related to self-medication.

Keywords: Endodontics, Self-medication, pathology, adolescent.

The patient-practitioner interaction is needed in all clinical practices including orthodontics. This interaction have three dimensions, it is medical, social and even psychological and is an important part of every orthodontic therapy.
The current covid-19 pandemic has spread progressively around the world, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a state of health emergency. At the local level, several countries have resorted to total or partial containment with measures of social distance.
This new situation has become a challenge for orthodontics, putting clinicians and patients in difficulty. In many countries, orthodontic activity has either been reduced to emergency cases only or has been suspended completely due to the lack of means of protection in a context of total disinformation of good conduct in our specialty.
The objective of this article is to take stock of the current situation of the covid-19 pandemic and to propose practical solutions to it.

Keywords: Covid-19, orthodontics, pandemic, containment, challenge.

The spread of Covid-19 pandemic has led to a sudden cessation of the dentists’ professional activities. That has resulted in serious consequences on the profession. Therefore, the National Federation of Dentists' Unions in the Liberal Sector in Morocco has launched a survey with the aim of assessing the effects of this pandemic on the dentists’ profession. The results of this study have confirmed that almost all dentists are on a standby position: 93% of them are on total leave, while the remaining 7% among them are on a partial stop. They are just in the position of answering patients’ emergency calls. Covid-19 health crisis has really impacted the profession of dentists in the sense that 99.57% of them claim that their professional activities have been heavily influenced by the pandemic. The impacts vary between what is financial, organizational and psychological. The Covid-19 crisis not only threatens the financial balance of dentists but also it has possible consequences on the functioning of their dental offices on the short and medium span. Dentists’ professional injury will certainly have serious consequences on the career prospects of dentists. Thus, It is very necessary to implement an action plan that considers the financial, organizational and psychological aspects in order to allow dentists consider the post-Covid-19 period with a spirit of confidence and serenity.

Keywords: Covid-19, dentists, crisis, impacts, professional damages

December 1st, 2019, January 30th, 2020, February 11th, 2020, March, 16th, 2020 …, here are some dates that will mark 2020 since the appearance of the first case of COVID-19 in Wuhan.
SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted from human to human, directly through contaminated particles emitted during a cough, a sneeze or from the Flügge droplets produced during speech. Its transmission is also made indirectly through inert contaminated surfaces. The fact that surface cells that are located on the channels of the salivary glands are the target of SARS-CoV-2 does not exclude possible transmission by salivary means. The peculiarities of the virus in its detection, its replication and in the symptomatology of the disease it generates mean that patients can be of at least three types: those with proven COVID-19, those at risk and finally those who are asymptomatic.
Dentistry has certain specificities which make it a unique medical discipline due to the exposure of the practitioner, the assistant and the patients to the risk of contamination.

Indeed, the proximity between practitioner and patient (less than 35 cm during care), invasive care delivered to patients with exposure to saliva, blood and other fluids, and the use of complex instruments generating aerosols make the risk of contamination in the dental clinic a real threat.
The Moroccan dentist has, among others, the following skills:

• S/He masters the notion of infectious risk in the dental clinic.
• S/He knows how to adopt thoughtful behavior towards patients, and this, whatever their serology.
• S/He masters and applies the means of protection against contamination through respecting the principles of individual protection, the asepsis protocol applied to medical devices, the treatment of his environment by bio-cleaning and control of aerobiocontamination as well as that of waste management.
• S/He ensures that his/her team applies all preventive measures.

COVID-19 is a real public health problem that requires the vigilant mobilization of health professionals. This guide, produced by a group of teachers who are experts in the field of hygiene and asepsis in the dental clinic, is intended for all dental practitioners regardless of the sector in which they practice. This guide is meant to be a simple and didactic tool offering realistic, achievable and above all sustainable measures that can be maintained over time. Certainly, some of these measures are specific to SARS-CoV-2, which requires us to adapt our measures that we have always applied, and which constitute the foundation of a healthy dental practice without risks for the practitioner, his/her assistants as well as the patient s/he cares for. New measures imposed by the situation we are going through must be adopted, but it is not a question of reviewing the principles of prevention of contamination in the dental clinic or its design.

The contents of this guide are based on current data from the literature as well as on the recommendations of learned societies. It may need to be readjusted, updated or even modified in view of the evolution of the pandemic and scientific research.