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This study is based on radiographic analysis in an Algerian population. The frequencyof apical periodontitis in our sample is 7.33%. It is above the average of other studies(5.2%), showing values between 0.6% and 9.8%.

The prevalence of apical periodontitis in our Algerian sample is more alarming in which 84.26% [78.5-88.7] of patients develop apical periodontitis. This result is the highest of all previous studies (59.7 to 68.3%). The risk is important, placing the apical periodontitis at the forefront of the epidemiological scale infectious attacks andit is a real public health problem.

The radiological quality of endodontic treatment is incorrect for 88% of them and the risk of developing an apical periodontitis at their level is significantly higher than the teeth with a radiologically proper shutter.

At untreated endodontically teeth, the coronal restoration is a significant factor in the onset and development of apical periodontitis, for a probability of less than 0.05. However the level of endodontically treated teeth, apical periodontitis rate is influenced by the quality of the coronal restoration only in the presence of a bad root canal obturation.

Our epidemiological data establish a close link between the poor quality of endodontic procedures and prevalence of apical periodontitis. There is no doubt that improving the quality of endodontic treatment, through better techniques, is a public health necessity to prevent the recurrence of periapical pathologies

Titanium implants have been successful with a solid track record over five decades and have been used in a broad range of clinical situations. Their rise in popu- larity as a tooth replacement modality has led to an increase in the number of manufacturers and a variety of manufacturing protocols. However aesthetic challenges and the increased reports of sensitivity (1,2,3) to titanium and titanium alloy dental implants have presented host responses ranging from local soft tissue irritation to spontaneous unexplainable implant failure, to joint pain, skin irritation, fatigue and even bone necrosis have been made. In a similar way to medical orthopedics, the last decade has seen a sharp increase in the use of bioceramics in dentistry and in dental implantology (5) in particular. Thanks to polycrystal zirconia thanks with its excellent biomecha- nical properties, absence of galvanic activity (6) and resistance to oxidation has emerged as the implan- table bioceramic of choice. The case presented here is one where a patient with metal sensitivity sought to replace a missing tooth with an implant and requesting a completely metal free solution. In dentistry, for both aesthetic and functional reasons, there has been a paradigm shift in the types of materials used for implantation and restoration of dentalimplants. Bioce- ramics and other truly bioinert and biocompatible non-metals materials are rapidly replacing metal alloys. The bioceramicYttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) in which the main component is zirconia (ZrO2) is fast becoming the material of choice for dental implantation and fixed prosthetics (7).

The presence of interdental papillae in the maxillary anterior region plays a key role. Loss of the inter-proximal dental papilla may cause functional, phonetic and severe esthetic problems.

The endodontic retreatment (ERT) is known as difficult act that aims to reach the apical canal area in order to provide irrigation and disinfection before resealing. This is a common act whose outcome is uncertain. If the first coronary is essential, the canal permeability is often compromised by the presence of a foreign body or otherwise following an excessive alteration of the anatomy by the maneuvers of the initial treatment and / or preparation of root anchorages.The decision retreatment is a complex process that involves the practitioner but also and especially the patient.

It must be based upon objective criteria and not subjective. Yet, they are these latest which are involved primarily to the majority of practitioners. They lead the practitioner to make an inverse decision to his initial desire.

The objective of this article is to focus on the character of iatrogenic endodontic retreatment to:

• Educate practitioners on the difficulty of the retreatment and the importance of a successful initial treatment in endodontic avoiding delicate reintervention;
• Undertake the necessary measures to enhance the therapeutic and reduce the incidence of occurrence of failures.

The relationship between endodontic and periodontal diseases has been widelydiscussed in the scientific literature. However, identifying these combined lesions’etiology as well as several available classifications are still problematic. Clinicians aretherefore still faced with diagnostic difficulties which may lead to treatment failure aswell a she align delay. The objectives of this article are threefold. It firstly introducesfundamental knowledge on pathways, etiology and classifications of endodontic-periodontal lesions. Principle differential diagnosis will then be treated. Finally,diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making of endodontic-periodontal lesions will beillustrated through clinical cases.